Guides & Playbooks

Practical, Romania-specific guides for IT employees and IT contractors.

How to use these guides

  • If you are employed (CIM), start with net salary, overtime, vacation pay, and negotiation guides.
  • If you work B2B, start with PFA vs SRL (2025), VAT, invoices, e-Factura, hourly rate, and timesheets.
  • Use the calculators from Tools to validate numbers and copy a clean summary into e-mails or contracts.

Career (employee focus)

Negotiation, salary clarity, choosing the right setup.
CIM vs B2B in IT (Romania): how to choose
A practical, Romania-specific guide to choosing between employment (CIM) and contracting (B2B) in IT: money, risk, paperwork, and decision scenarios.
12 min Last updated: 2025-12-27
How net salary is calculated in Romania (for IT offers)
A practical explanation of gross-to-net in Romania for IT offers: what “gross” means, what gets withheld, and how to sanity-check an offer.
14 min Last updated: 2025-12-27
Salary negotiation in IT (Romania): practical scripts and checks
Practical negotiation checklist for Romanian IT offers: how to anchor, how to compare offers, and scripts you can reuse.
15 min Last updated: 2025-12-27
IT CV template for Romania: structure + examples (junior → senior)
A practical, ATS-friendly CV template for IT roles in Romania, with bullet examples, recommended structure, and a final checklist before you apply.
18 min Last updated: 2026-01-01
Backend CV template (Romania): bullet packs + keywords (ATS-friendly)
Backend CV bullet packs (impact + context + stack + result), ATS-friendly structure, common mistakes, and a downloadable template.
14 min Last updated: 2026-01-02
Frontend CV template (Romania): bullet packs + keywords (ATS-friendly)
Frontend CV bullet packs (product impact, performance, accessibility), ATS-friendly structure, and a downloadable template.
14 min Last updated: 2026-01-02
Full Stack CV template (Romania): bullet packs + keywords (ATS-friendly)
Full stack CV bullet packs (end-to-end impact + ownership), ATS-friendly structure, and a downloadable template.
13 min Last updated: 2026-01-02
DevOps / SRE CV template (Romania): bullet packs + keywords (ATS-friendly)
DevOps/SRE bullet packs (reliability, delivery, observability), ATS-friendly structure, and a downloadable template.
14 min Last updated: 2026-01-02
Data CV template (Romania): bullet packs + keywords (ATS-friendly)
Data engineer / analytics CV bullet packs (pipelines, quality, impact), ATS-friendly structure, and a downloadable template.
14 min Last updated: 2026-01-02
QA / Testing CV template (Romania): bullet packs + keywords (ATS-friendly)
QA/testing bullet packs (quality outcomes, automation, reliability), ATS-friendly structure, and a downloadable template.
13 min Last updated: 2026-01-02
Mobile CV template (Romania): bullet packs + keywords
Mobile CV bullet packs (iOS/Android/React Native/Flutter), practical structure, common mistakes, and a downloadable template.
14 min Last updated: 2026-01-06
ML / AI CV template (Romania): bullet packs + keywords
ML/AI CV bullet packs (impact, evaluation, deployment), practical structure, common mistakes, and a downloadable template.
14 min Last updated: 2026-01-06
Security CV template (Romania): bullet packs + keywords
Security CV bullet packs (AppSec/SecOps/Cloud), practical structure, common mistakes, and a downloadable template.
14 min Last updated: 2026-01-06
Product Manager CV template (Romania): bullet packs + structure
Product CV bullet packs (outcomes, execution, discovery), practical structure, common mistakes, and a downloadable template.
14 min Last updated: 2026-01-06
Project / Delivery CV template (Romania): bullet packs + structure
Delivery CV bullet packs (predictability, execution, risk), practical structure, common mistakes, and a downloadable template.
14 min Last updated: 2026-01-06
Engineering Manager CV template (Romania): bullet packs + structure
EM CV bullet packs (team outcomes, delivery, hiring/mentoring), practical structure, and a downloadable template.
14 min Last updated: 2026-01-06
Architect CV template (Romania): bullet packs + structure
Architect CV bullet packs (decisions, trade-offs, alignment), practical structure, and a downloadable template.
14 min Last updated: 2026-01-06
Design CV template (Romania): bullet packs + structure
Product design CV bullet packs (outcomes, process, collaboration), practical structure, and a downloadable template.
14 min Last updated: 2026-01-06
Support / IT Ops CV template (Romania): bullet packs + keywords
Support/IT ops CV bullet packs (SLA, automation, reliability), practical structure, and a downloadable template.
14 min Last updated: 2026-01-06
DevOps certifications (2026): what shows up in job listings
DevOps certifications commonly mentioned in listings (e.g., CKA, AZ-104, AWS DevOps Pro) and how to pick based on your role and projects.
12 min Last updated: 2026-01-09
Security certifications (2026): what shows up in job ads and how to choose
Security certifications mentioned in job listings (e.g., CISSP, OSCP, Security+) plus how to choose by role (AppSec, cloud, SecOps, pentest) and what projects validate them.
12 min Last updated: 2026-01-09
QA / Testing certifications (2026): what shows up in job ads and how to use them
QA certifications mentioned in listings (e.g., ISTQB) plus how to choose for manual vs automation roles and how to make them matter in your CV.
11 min Last updated: 2026-01-09
Data / Analytics certifications (2026): what shows up in job ads and how to choose
Data/analytics certifications mentioned in listings (e.g., DP-203, SnowPro) plus how to choose by role (data engineering vs BI) and projects that make them count.
12 min Last updated: 2026-01-09
Project / Delivery certifications (2026): what shows up in job ads and how to choose
Delivery/project certifications mentioned in listings (e.g., PMP, PRINCE2, ITIL, PSM/PSPO) plus when they help and what proof matters in your CV.
12 min Last updated: 2026-01-09
Architect certifications (2026): what shows up in job ads and how to choose
Certifications for Solution/Software/Enterprise Architects mentioned in listings (e.g., AZ-305, AWS SAA, TOGAF) plus how to choose and what proof matters in interviews.
12 min Last updated: 2026-01-09
Support / IT Ops certifications (2026): what shows up in job ads and when it helps
Certifications for support and IT ops roles mentioned in listings (e.g., CCNA, ITIL, Network+) plus when they help and small projects that validate experience.
12 min Last updated: 2026-01-09
PHP certifications (2026): what shows up in job ads and when it’s worth it
Certifications related to PHP that appear in job ads, when they help (rarely as a “must-have”), and what projects make the biggest difference in your CV.
11 min Last updated: 2026-01-09
Cover letter for IT roles: short templates (email) + full version
Cover letter templates for IT roles (Romania): short messages for ATS/email, variants for juniors and career switchers, plus a quick personalization checklist.
14 min Last updated: 2026-01-01
IT interview questions (Romania): a complete list + sample answers
A practical bank of HR + technical IT interview questions, grouped by role (backend, frontend, QA, DevOps, data), with short sample answers and a prep checklist.
20 min Last updated: 2026-01-10
Questions to ask recruiters and hiring managers (IT): due diligence checklist
Smart questions to ask in IT interviews: scope, team, process, remote/hybrid, on-call, evaluation, and offer structure—plus red flags and a short must-ask list.
16 min Last updated: 2026-01-01

Employment (CIM)

Overtime, vacation pay, working days, severance packages.

Contracting (B2B)

PFA vs SRL, taxes, VAT, invoices, e-Factura, timesheets, pricing.
PFA vs SRL (2026): a practical guide for IT contractors
Romania-specific, practical guide for choosing PFA vs SRL in 2026: scenarios, trade-offs, and what to calculate before deciding.
16 min Last updated: 2025-12-30 FY2026
PFA taxes + Declarația Unică (2026): practical overview
A practical 2026 overview for Romanian IT contractors: what you should estimate for PFA taxes and how to approach Declarația Unică planning.
16 min Last updated: 2025-12-30 FY2026
VAT for IT contractors in Romania (2026): what to watch
A practical 2026 guide for VAT in Romania for IT contractors: add vs extract VAT, pricing clarity, and how to avoid invoice mistakes.
12 min Last updated: 2025-12-30 FY2026
PFA vs SRL (2025): a practical guide for IT contractors
Romania-specific, practical guide for choosing PFA vs SRL in 2025: scenarios, trade-offs, and what to calculate before deciding.
16 min Last updated: 2025-12-27 FY2025
PFA taxes + Declarația Unică (2025): practical overview
A practical 2025 overview for Romanian IT contractors: what you should estimate for PFA taxes and how to approach Declarația Unică planning.
16 min Last updated: 2025-12-27 FY2025
VAT for IT contractors in Romania (2025): what to watch
A practical 2025 guide for VAT in Romania for IT contractors: add vs extract VAT, pricing clarity, and how to avoid invoice mistakes.
12 min Last updated: 2025-12-27 FY2025
Invoice vs proforma vs receipt (Romania): when to use each
Practical guide for contractors: what invoices, proformas and receipts are, when to use them, and how to avoid common mistakes.
15 min Last updated: 2025-12-27
RO e-Factura: a practical guide (XML, validation, PDF preview)
Practical guide for the Romanian e-Factura workflow: what the XML is, common mistakes, and how to preview/validate before uploading.
16 min Last updated: 2025-12-27
Freelancer hourly rate formula (Romania): a practical method
A practical method to set your hourly rate as an IT contractor: target net, taxes, downtime, and a pricing sanity-check.
15 min Last updated: 2025-12-27
Timesheet best practices for IT contractors (Romania)
Practical timesheet habits for IT contractors: billable vs non-billable, evidence, and how to prep for invoicing.
14 min Last updated: 2025-12-27

Relocation & lifestyle

Budget planning and practical checklists.